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==Cancer Category/Type==
==Cancer Category/Type==
'''[http://www.ccga.io/index.php/Chronic_Myeloid_Leukemia_(CML)_with_t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2);_BCR-ABL1 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia with BCR-ABL1]''' (also referred as (Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia))
'''[http://www.ccga.io/index.php/Chronic_Myeloid_Leukemia_(CML)_with_t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2);_BCR-ABL1 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia with BCR-ABL1]''' (also referred as Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia)
More than 90% of patients diagnosed with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia have a Philadelphia chromosome resulting from t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2), which is a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 22 (''BCR'' locus) and chromosome 9 (''ABL1'' locus) (see '''[http://www.omim.org/entry/613065 OMIM]''') [1]. The Drug Imatinib mesylate, also known as Gleevec, was the one of the first molecularly developed drugs, and has a remarkably high success rate in treatment of patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia by targeting the BCR/ABL1 fusion product [5].
More than 90% of patients diagnosed with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia have a Philadelphia chromosome resulting from t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2), which is a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 22 (''BCR'' locus) and chromosome 9 (''ABL1'' locus) (see '''[http://www.omim.org/entry/613065 OMIM]''') [1]. The Drug Imatinib mesylate, also known as Gleevec, was the one of the first molecularly developed drugs, and has a remarkably high success rate in treatment of patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia by targeting the BCR/ABL1 fusion product [5].
'''[http://www.ccga.io/index.php/Mixed_Phenotype_Acute_Leukemia_(MPAL)_with_t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2);_BCR-ABL1 Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia (MPAL) with BCR-ABL1]'''
'''[http://www.ccga.io/index.php/HAEM5:Mixed-phenotype_acute_leukaemia_with_BCR::ABL1_fusion Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia (MPAL) with BCR-ABL1]'''
BCR-ABL1 translocations (Ph+) are more prevalent in adult vs. pediatric patients diagnosed as Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia (MPAL) [16,17]. The BCR-ABL1 translocations are considered to be prognostic of poorer outcomes in the context of patients diagnosed with Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia (MPAL) [16]. However, a number of individual studies indicate that Ph+ MPAL patients can be treated successfully with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as Imatinab and second generation TKIs [18,19].
BCR-ABL1 translocations (Ph+) are more prevalent in adult vs. pediatric patients diagnosed as Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia (MPAL) [16,17]. The BCR-ABL1 translocations are considered to be prognostic of poorer outcomes in the context of patients diagnosed with Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia (MPAL) [16]. However, a number of individual studies indicate that Ph+ MPAL patients can be treated successfully with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as Imatinab and second generation TKIs [18,19].
'''[http://www.ccga.io/index.php/Acute_Myeloid_Leukemia_(AML)_with_BCR-ABL1 Acute Myeloid Leukemia with BCR-ABL1]'''
'''[http://www.ccga.io/index.php/HAEM5:Acute_myeloid_leukaemia_with_BCR::ABL1_fusion Acute Myeloid Leukemia with BCR-ABL1]'''
This rare entity, accounting for <1% of AML and <1% of BCR-ABL1 positive acute and chronic leukemias, typically occurs in adults. AML with BCR-ABL1 is aggressive with poor response to traditional AML therapy or isolated tyrosine kinase (TK) therapy alone; TK therapy with subsequent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation may improve survival [20].
This rare entity, accounting for <1% of AML and <1% of BCR-ABL1 positive acute and chronic leukemias, typically occurs in adults. AML with BCR-ABL1 is aggressive with poor response to traditional AML therapy or isolated tyrosine kinase (TK) therapy alone; TK therapy with subsequent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation may improve survival [20].
'''[http://www.ccga.io/index.php/Acute_lymphoblastic_leukaemia_(ALL) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia]'''
'''[http://www.ccga.io/index.php/Acute_lymphoblastic_leukaemia_(ALL) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia]'''
'''[http://www.ccga.io/index.php/Acute_Myeloid_Leukemia_(AML)_with_BCR-ABL1 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) with BCR-ABL1]'''
'''[http://www.ccga.io/index.php/HAEM5:Acute_myeloid_leukaemia_with_BCR::ABL1_fusion Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) with BCR-ABL1]'''
'''[http://www.ccga.io/index.php/Mixed_Phenotype_Acute_Leukemia_(MPAL)_with_t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2);_BCR-ABL1 Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia (MPAL) with t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2); BCR-ABL1]'''
'''[http://www.ccga.io/index.php/HAEM5:Mixed-phenotype_acute_leukaemia_with_BCR::ABL1_fusion Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia (MPAL) with t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2); BCR-ABL1]'''
See the '''[http://www.ccga.io/index.php/ABL1 "ABL1 gene"]''' for additional details of the BCR-ABL1 gene fusion.
See the '''[http://www.ccga.io/index.php/ABL1 "ABL1 gene"]''' for additional details of the BCR-ABL1 gene fusion.
'''[http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=bcr ''BCR'' by GeneCards]''' - general gene information and summaries
'''[http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=bcr ''BCR'' by GeneCards]''' - general gene information and summaries
'''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/613 ''BCR'' by NCBI Gene]''' - general gene information and summaries
'''[http://omim.org/entry/151410 ''BCR'' by OMIM]''' - compendium of human genes and genetic phenotypes
'''[http://omim.org/entry/151410 ''BCR'' by OMIM]''' - compendium of human genes and genetic phenotypes
'''[https://databases.lovd.nl/shared/genes/BCR ''BCR'' by LOVD(3)]''' - Leiden Open Variation Database
'''[http://www.unav.es/genetica/TICdb/results.php?hgnc=BCR ''BCR'' by TICdb]''' - database of Translocation breakpoints In Cancer
==References==
==References==